Speech is too complicated to spell out things explicitly. There are too many ways to imply things ambiguously, particularly when you take context into account.
In practice what you do with hate speech laws is give the government tools to arrest people it doesn't like and ignore the sorts of speech you thought you were banning.
In practice what you do with hate speech laws is give the government tools to arrest people it doesn't like and ignore the sorts of speech you thought you were banning.