Everywhere else? The environment, geopolitical opponents.

Bioweapons defense is pretty fuzzy, as until recently you generally had to study a strain for a long amount of time to develop and test an effective vaccine. Which means you have to have a representative strain. Which means you either need to get one... or create your best guess.

All while the environment and/or your adversary are doing god knows what out of your sight.

Miracles like a vaccine-in-a-year don't just happen. They build on decades of research and preparedness.